The Logos Logos =logic=non-contradictory thought? Short answer: roughly—originally, yes, but it's more nuanced. Explanation (concise): - In classical Greek philosophy, "logos" (λόγος) covered several related meanings: speech, reason, account, principle, and order. Among those, it did include rational, non-contradictory discourse—thinking or speech that gives an account and makes sense. - Heraclitus used logos as the underlying rational principle or law governing change; for him it was the intelligible order of the world. - In Stoicism, logos = rational structure of the cosmos (a universal reason), and human reason is a spark of that logos; rational, coherent thought was aligned with living according to logos. - Plato and Aristotle treat logos as reasoning or argument—Aristotle especially formalized logical coherence and non-contradiction as central to rational discourse. - In later Christian theology (e.g., Gospel of John), Logos is theological (the divine Word), expandin...